Capacity Planning and Performance Modeling SLP Research Paper

Capacity Planning and Performance Modeling SLP - Research Paper Example Capacity planning is thus seen as a strategic process used to match data center resources with the business demand to provide acceptable service levels at a minimum cost. Capacity planning is an important operation management process that closely works with performance management, service level management, and configuration management. Performance management becomes an integral part of the capacity planning process because the goal of performance management is to manage current system performance in a proactive manner. The proper management of the parameters of system performance such as throughput and latency will provide the client with adequate results and minimal downtime (Mitchell, 2007). For firms that are involved in large-scale operations, keeping track of all the operations within the system can be a daunting task. Fortunately, the advent of technology has made it much more manageable to evaluate the activities that lead to a good performance and optimal capacity levels of the organization. Table 1 shows three capacity planning software that provides management with the necessary tools to keep up with its system. I chose this three software because they appear to be the most popular and the most effective in accomplishing the required goals of a capacity planning software. Other than capacity planning sof tware, many organizations are likewise investing in performance measurement software to automate their measurement and reporting systems. I went on to Performance-measurement.net and was introduced to two of these software. Table 2 shows the description, advantages and disadvantages of each one.

Math word problems Essay Example for Free

Math word problems Essay In a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse side of the triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite side and adjacent sides of the triangle (Eves, 1997). This is known as the Pythagoras triangle. There are various applications of Pythagoras theorem in day-to-day situation that involves right angled triangles. An example of the application of Pythagoras theorem involving right angle triangles in day-to-day situations is in the determination of the height of a window from the foot of the ground. It is quite difficult to accurately determine the height of a window from the foot of the ground, but with the application of Pythagoras theorem this makes it easier. Assuming, we have a rigid ladder that leans against a vertical house, touching the window whose height is to be determined. This forms a right angled triangle. The distance from the base of the ladder to the foot of the building represents the adjacent side of the triangle and the length of the ladder is the hypotenuse side of the triangle, the height of the window whose length is to be determined is the opposite side of the triangle. Let the length of the ladder be represented by h, the distance between the foot of the ladder and the foot of the building be represented by a, then the height of the window from the base of the building be represented by o. Each parameter represents the hypotenuse, adjacent and the opposite sides of the triangle. Mathematically, applying Pythagoras theorem, h2= o2 + a2 The length of the window is the opposite side of the triangle and is represented by o above. Therefore making o the subject of the formulae, We have o= v (h2 – a2). So given that we know the length of the ladder and the horizontal distance between the foot of the ladder and the foot of the building, then the height of the window can be calculated using the above formulae. The application of Pythagoras theorem in the determination of the height of a window further validates the authenticity of the theorem. Reference Eves, H. (1997). Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics. New York: Dover Publications.

Colombias Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Analysis

Colombias Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Analysis Columbian GAAP According to the Constitution of Colombia, only Congress has the authority to issue generally accepted accounting principles. Through legislation, however, Congress can delegate this authority to the executive branch as well as to other institutions. The Central Board of Accountancy was formed to regulate the accounting profession (Colombia, 2010). Under this board, the Technical Council for Public Accounting was created. The Technical Council was designed to issue guidance on accounting standards, and it was this council that issued Colombias generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) (Accounting Standards Update by Jurisdiction, 2010). Colombian GAAP is based on US GAAP and International Accounting Standards (IAS). It is important to note, however, that Colombias accounting standards have not been updated since 1993, so they do not reflect any updates or advancements in international or US standards (Colombia, 2009). The Colombian Congress also allowed regulatory agencies to issue their own accounting standards to help them perform their jobs (Accounting Standards Update by Jurisdiction, 2010). Because the nation has several agencies that each issue different accounting rules for the organizations under their jurisdiction, the World Bank criticizes Colombia for not having general-purpose financial reporting. There are currently forty-three different sets of accounting standards in the nation. The World Bank is also concerned that the Central Board of Accountancy is not receiving enough funding to complete its job thoroughly and efficiently. Moreover, the World Bank is concerned that Colombias code of conduct for accountants is not consistent with the code of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). (Colombia, 2009). There are no auditing standards that are enforceable by law in Colombia. Additionally, there is no law mandating the independent audit of financial statements (Taxes-Accoun ting, 2010). Accounting for the Public Sector National General Accounting Office Accounting standards and principles for the public sector of Colombia are provided by the National General Accounting Office. Furthermore, the Office standardizes and consolidates accounting information and is ultimately responsible for preparing the Nations Consolidated Balance Sheet. The National General Accounting Office is also responsible for outlining what financial statements need to be produced by the public sector (Contaduria General de la Nacion, 2009). Required accounting reports include balance sheets, income statements, operational balances, and annexes (Taxes-Accounting). The Office will provide the public sector with explanations on the timing and standards that the financial statements must satisfy (Contaduria General de la Nacion, 2009). Accrual Basis Colombias public sector accounting standards are currently and successfully in the process of convergence with the accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). Because Colombias public sector standards were already primarily accrual-based, the nation did not have to undergo tremendous reform to converge with IPSAS. Colombia was extremely eager to align its accounting standards because the nation understood the need for standardization with economic globalization continuing to intensify (Benavides, 2010). Tax Environment Value Added Tax Colombia has a value added tax of sixteen percent as its form of consumption tax (Taxes-Accounting, 2010). Differing from a sales tax where only the end consumer is charged, a value-added tax is charged at each stage of the production process (value-added tax). There are lower value added taxes for commercial air transportation and food products at ten percent and seven percent respectively. Insurance products and medical care products are completely exempt. Colombia has two other forms of consumption tax, including an excise duty that is levied on alcohol and cigarettes. The nations custom service also charges a tax of 1.2% on imports from other countries. Nations that have signed trade agreements with Colombia are exempt from the import tax (Taxes-Accounting, 2010). Corporate and Personal Income Taxes The personal and corporate tax rates of Colombia are some of the highest in Latin America (Department of State). The nation charges a corporate income tax of thirty-three percent on all companies except for those located in the free-trade zone. Those companies are only charged fifteen percent. A unique aspect of Colombias corporate tax system is that most capital gains are charged at the ordinary rate. Capital gains that are exempt or taxed at a special rate are in the minority. Not uncommon, depreciation and depletion expenses are deductible. Net operating losses, expenses abroad, and specific taxes are some of the other commonly deductible items. For individuals, Colombia has a progressive tax system that ranges from zero to thirty-three percent. Colombias tax system measures individual income using Tax Value Units (UVT) (Taxes-Accounting, 2010); one Tax Value Unit is equal to 24,555 Colombian Pesos (Colombia Tax Rates, 2010). The individual income tax progresses through four levels: zero percent, nineteen percent, twenty-eight percent, and thirty-three percent. All taxpayers that have greater than 4,100 UVT are charged a thirty-three percent income tax rate (Taxes-Accounting, 2010). IFRS Compliance with IFRS Colombian GAAP has not been updated since 1993, so the World Bank recommends that Colombia adopts International Financial Reporting Standards in their entirety and that the nation creates a High Council to manage and oversee this process. Furthermore, the World Bank would like Colombia to create a body that enforces these accounting and auditing standards. From 2007 to 2009, the Colombian Congress has been agonizing over a bill that would mandate all large companies in the nation to fully adopt IFRS by 2010. The bill would also stipulate that small to medium companies adopt IRS by 2012 (Colombia, 2009). However, in 2009, the Colombian Congress enacted a bill that only calls for the convergence of Colombian GAAP with IFRS, as opposed to the complete adoption of IFRS. Standards Compliance Index Currently, according to the Financial Standards Foundations Standards Compliance Index, Columbia has only obtained a score of 40.83 out of 100 and ranks 48 among other countries for compliance with international standards. The nation is successful with data transparency and macroeconomic policy compliance but needs to work on remedying the transparency of its fiscal policy. Columbia has struggled with the latter because of difficulties managing the budget both regionally and municipally. The nations weakness in financial regulation and oversight has had the greatest negative impact on the Standards Compliance Index (Colombia, 2009). This is clearly a result of the lack of auditing standards and the lack of required independent financial audits (Accounting Standards Update by Jurisdiction, 2010). Columbia scored relatively well in accounting and auditing standards because of the evolution of legislation that dedicates the country to converging its present auditing standards with inter national standards (Colombia, 2009). Auditing Standards In the World Banks assessment of Columbia, the institution was concerned over the nations lack of auditing standards. The International Monetary Fund also found that Columbia did not comply with international auditing standards. Furthermore, the World Bank was disturbed that external audits are not mandatory and that the concept of independence does not even exist in Columbia. The World Bank concluded that, in Colombia, the legislative requirements on auditing contradict the modern concept of financial statements audits' (Colombia, 2009). In this nation, auditors also act as controllers, and the latter role should only be assumed by management to follow suit with international principles. As a result, the World Bank recommended that Columbia adopt International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and develop new legislation that will create regulations for auditors and improve auditing requirements. The legislation should also create an organization that would oversee auditors and enforce au diting standards. To further improve the strength of its auditing profession, Columbia should improve the licensing requirements for auditors and provide training programs on International Standards on Auditing. The nation should also create a professional organization that encourages the independence of auditors (Colombia, 2009). Columbia is currently in the process of converging its auditing standards, or lack thereof, with international requirements.

Essay --

â€Å"Jack was safe from all shame or self consciousness, behind the mask of his paint† (Golding-125). In the book Lord Of The Flies, The symbols of the Conch, and Piggies Glasses represent order, logic, and civilisation within the microcosm of the island the kids are stuck on. But these two symbols, which are at first powerful motifs, are later on overruled by the evil within all of them. This evil is is triggered by the face paint they wear. What at first is a game turns into a type of camouflage cover, releasing the boys from all shame, allowing them to become savages. They are hidden from the values of society and give in to their state of nature selfs. I observed that in the beginning, the conch holds the ultimate power on the island. It dictates what has to be done, and allows Ralph to have control over the rest of kids simulating a mini society. This is displayed when Ralph is elected as chief: †Him with the shell." "Ralph! Ralph!" "Let him be chief with the trumpet thing† (Golding page___). This quote shows how the kids think that the power comes from the conch, and is a sign of protection, order, and leadership. The Conch also illustrates order because you must have the Conch to Speak in an assembly or meeting similar to the rules in class. This is shown when Ralph explains the rules of the group after being elected: †We can't have everybody talking at once. We'll have to have 'hands up' like at school." (Golding___). The â€Å"like at school† suggests the kids are trying to replicate society and keep order. In spite of this, the Conch starts to lose this power later on in the book. This can be seen when Jack dismisses the power of the conch: â€Å"Conch! Conch! We don’t need the conch any more. We know who ought to say things." (Go... ...of wisdom, he was set apart due to his glasses, and bullied. Ralph was a good leader, his power came from the conch and his broad, attractive appearance. The kids should have let it stay that way. But Jack came in, he introduced the face paint mask, releasing the beast within all of them, and causing them to all turn into savages, free of guilt. The symbols of order in the book are overpowered by human nature and the lack of authority. We learn that society is held together by symbols of power. The book teaches you that every human has the ability to be a savage and that evil is only controlled by the rules of society. Once rules are gone, anarchy breaks out and the evil or beast within us comes free. Civilised behaviour is fake, left on their own humans are violent. The world is a cruel place and that the only person you can really count on , and trust is yourself.

Breakthrough Perspective on Green and Sustainable Architecture Essay

Buildings have been part of human life since the beginning of time, we depend of them to live, learn, grown, for protection and shelter. The decisions we make today will not only affect our future but our surrounding as well. We need buildings to survive the climates of the earth and to live our own lives. Architecture is what nature cannot make, yet it is influenced by the rules of nature, as humans evolved so did our way of thinking, and so did our architecture. Green architecture is a breakthrough in human history, Green Architecture is more a more advanced way of building, it has if the building as a life. The purpose of this essay report is to identify the advantages of green Architecture in Canadian Society and its positive effects on our economy. By illuminating the advantages of these green buildings, we will clarify that green building as opened many doors and new possibilities into the human world. What is Green/Sustainability Architecture? Green architecture is a method of design that reduces the negative impact that buildings have on the environment. â€Å"It’s a harmless approach to building that minimizes harm on human health and the environment† (Jackie Craven, What is Green Architecture† and â€Å"Green Design, About.com Guide, 2009http://architecture.about.com/od/green concepts/g/green.htm) It helps people to live in a safer and healthier environment as well as contribute to the well being of the planet. A building is considered green when it has a positive approach on all area of its focus, which includes sustainability, materials efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency, land use and waste reduction. All of these criteria are based on the Canadian LEED rating system, which is applicable to new building, and ba... ...rcialnews.com/article/id22421 2 Williams, Patricia (2007). Concrete makes perfect choice for Toronto’s St. Gabriel’s Passionate Church. Retrieved Dec 5, 2009, http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id25465 3 Green Church Applauded (2006). Presbyterian Record. Retrieved Dec 5, 2009,http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-155664452.html 4 St. Gabriel’s Passionate Parish. Retrieved Dec 6, 2009, http://www.stgabrielsparish.ca/index.php 5 â€Å"Businesses Gain Interest in Sustainable Buildings,† Design News 62.9(2007): 28, Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web 14 Dec, 2009†). 6 Jackie Craven, What is Green Architecture† and â€Å"Green Design, About.com Guide, 2009http://architecture.about.com/od/green concepts/g/green.htm 7 (Kirthy Shetty, Green Building and its Advantages, exinearticles.com, 2009, http://ezinearticles.com/?Green-Building-and-Its-Advantages!&id=1861902)

The African-American Odyssey Essay

The emancipation of the African slave who was now disconnected from their traditions and way of life after nearly 300 years, is seemingly a great gush from the dam to the ebbs and flows of the struggle. The end of slavery as we know it, presented a ball of mixed emotions among the nation; North and SOUTH. Some slaves were grossly ecstatic to be free. For example, when a slave girl named Caddy, from Goodman, Mississippi found she was free, went to her mistress, flipped up her dress and told her â€Å"Kiss my ass! † On the contrary, some slaves were apprehensive of being free. For example, one elderly slave woman reportedly said, â€Å"I ain’ no free nigger! I is got a marster and mistiss! Dee right dar in de great house. Ef you don’ believe me, you go dar an’ see. † Though most slaves were detached from their families, many managed to regroup and find their love ones after their emancipation and constructed close knit families. Land was an viable means of survival in the minds of newly freedmen and the government was eager to deem lands to the ex-slaves . On January 16, 1865, General William T. Sherman told the freedmen that they will receive the land they were in search of. They were granted the head of each family would receive â€Å"possessory title† to forty acres of land. Sherman also gave the use of Army mules, thus giving rise to the slogan, â€Å"Forty acres and a mule. † Similarly in 1862 the Union military set aside land in Port Royal, South Carolina, which became known as the Port Royal experiment. The freedmen bureau was created to aid newly freed slaves in the transition from bondage to freedom in 1865. After Lincoln’s assassination the succession of his Vice president, Andrew Johnson, to the presidency meant that the white owners of the lands, that were given to the freedmen, would be returned. Sharecropping became a sort of ebb in the river of the African-American progression as far as freedom was concerned. Presented as labor contracts by white land owners, the institution of slavery was extended under a cloud of debt. In which, the black family, oft times became debtors due to the lack of honesty on the account of their white lender. Aside from family, among African-Americans, the â€Å"black church† became the most important institution. â€Å"Not only did it fill deep spiritual and inspirational needs, it offered enriching music, provided charity and compassion to those in need, developed community and political leaders, and was free of white supervision. † With the end of slavery, blacks who then had to attend services with white parishioners who treated them as second class Christians, could now organize and attend their own churches. The advent of the black church definitely brought about a flow in the river of struggle for African-Americans. Education was another â€Å"flow† in the river of struggle and a critical means of survival amongst people of color. It coincided alongside freedom. All who were versed in education of all sorts were summoned to teach the freedmen and their children. Teachers from all walks showed. Classes were held in churches, old slave markets, stables, taverns, homes, and former slave cabins. Funding came from various religious and political organizations and the Freedmen’s Bureau. Although white teachers helped a bit, black teachers were praised throughout the negro community because, as Rev. Richard H. Cain said â€Å", We must take into our own hands the education of our race†¦ Honest, dignified whites may teach ever so well, but it has not the effect to exalt the black man’s opinion of his own race, because they have always been in the habit of seeing white men in honored positions, and respected. † Most colleges and universities for blacks taught elementary and secondary level curriculum. The introduction of the historically black colleges and universities was formed from the idea of a higher education for people of color. In the midst of the newfound freedom, religious organization, and education of Negroes which was an obvious â€Å"flow†, a reoccurring â€Å"ebb† presented itself in the form of violence. Justice for the black man was never considered in those times. Thousands of innocent African-Americans were heinously murdered without a single conviction of a white perpetrator whom committed the acts. Atop the murders, black towns, businesses, churches, and schools were destroyed at the hands of the angry white southerners. The Failure of Reconstruction For the first time ever in history, a group of black men had concurrently became politicians. They were joined by the carpetbaggers of the north and the scalawags of the south in the Republican constituency. â€Å"Of the 1,000 men elected as delegates to the ten state conventions, 265 were black. † Collectively, they drafted new, striking constitutions that, unlike the previous constitutions, allowed all men to vote; even the ex-Confederates. Although, the Republicans displayed compassion upon their dealings with their opponents, the unruly Southern ego rose once more against the ratification of the new constitutions. In due course, the majority did manage to ratify and in each state, black men were elected to offices. As time progressed, nearly 1,500 black men were in office around the throughout the south. Among those were the likes of Blanche K. Bruce, Hiram R. Revels, Joseph Rainey, Jonathan J. Wright, Francis L. Cardozo, Robert Smalls, and Ferdinand Havis. This was a â€Å"flow† that led to inevitable â€Å"ebb† in the river of fight for African-Americans. That ebb presented itself in the form of the gradual failure of reconstruction. Issues such as education, social welfare, civil rights, land, and businesses plagued the Republican frame of thought daily. The black leaders’ efforts to facilitate education throughout the black and poor white communities failed overall. Lack of funds is the greatest blame for the inconsistency. At the time, there were no segregation laws, but whites refused to let their children go to school with blacks. Though a valid effort amongst African-Americans was given toward civil rights, they did not receive the respect that every other law abiding citizen received. For example, they were not accommodated at hotels and on public transportation, nor were they served as paying customers at various businesses. The blacks who worked for the white landowners were being cheated daily as if they were still in captivity. White employers would either fire the worker before the harvest or make up outlandish fees and debts. Some just didn’t pay at all! Black leaders grew tired of the robbery and made laws to eliminate such happenings. The distribution of land amongst landless, yeomen, farmers didn’t happen in any other state but South Carolina. Over fourteen thousand black families and a few white families, received land. Black businesses, unfortunately, did not and could not flourish due to the lack of funds during the expanding of the railroad. Other businesses made handsome amounts of profit but the African-American business owners could not cash in. Black politicians laid the foundation for public assistance, education, criminal justice reform but, could not do anything that directly dealt with â€Å"their people. † Reason being, was that they were the minority in the Republican party and in fact, were not allowed to ratify their own agenda. Besides, they couldn’t agree on most things because they came from different walks of life. Bickering throughout the Republican party sparked a â€Å"high turnover in political leadership and the loss of that very economic security? This made for inexperienced leadership and added to Republican woes. † Opposition came to the party in various ways; Such as, the conservative Democrats who continued to heckle blacks who in any way participated in the political process and the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan, was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866, by ex-confederate soldiers who were â€Å"hell-bent† on eradicating and/ or terrorizing anyone who didn’t submit to â€Å"southern culture. † They used any means necessary to remove blacks from politics. The Enforcement Act of 1870 was passed to prohibit Klansmen from wearing their regalia in public and protected the civil rights of black citizens. The following year the Ku Klux Klan Act was passed and it made the interference of a persons’ right to vote, hold office, jury duty and equal protection a federal offense. The fifteenth amendment was passed in 1869, and later ratified in 1870. It clearly expressed â€Å"the right to vote† to all citizens but failed to address the literacy tests, property possession rule, or the poll tax that continued to plague voters. Radical Republicans and northern whites alike grew exhausted with the dependency of blacks, (as they saw it) and looked upon them as unfit to be involved in the political system. They thought that reconstruction had been a mistake. The Freedmen’s Bank was founded in 1865 and done well until the white board of directors foolishly invested in Washington, D. C. real estate. The Panic of 1873 brought about a significant loss in unsecured railroad loans. As a result, the bank closed in 1874. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was an act of good intentions, yet it was ruled unconstitutional by U. S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph Bradley who, â€Å"wrote that the Fourteenth Amendment protected black people from discrimination by states but not by private businesses. † The end of Reconstruction was as brutal and contentious as the beginning. Blacks refused to vote in response to the terrorism inflicted upon them by the southern Democrats. The withdrawal of the federal troops that were to protect the rights of colored people left the black citizens with no means of defense and they therefore had to bow down to the numerous massacres that were to occur. The compromise of 1877, in which, Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Haynes, ran for the presidency, brought about more violence towards blacks and grew worse as time passed.

Project Management Company

1.0Introduction. Management Consultancies are a relative easy to initiate business to set up since they are knowledge based and do not require expensive tools and specialist equipment. Forming such a company requires only a base, normal office equipment such as laptops, printers, telephones, and internet routers, and competent employees to apply their knowledge to the particular business niche. However, just because it is relatively easy to form any kind of management consultancy – while appreciating that there is a cost involved with setting up any company – it does not simply follow that because a person can, they should. Creating a company takes time, drive, and of course, finance, and should only be considered by those who are ready to do so. There are three signs that someone is ready to set up any kind of management consultancy: They have the essential background, experience, and qualifications in their field, and can consider themselves an expert. They have developed a rich network of peers, like-minded individuals, and potential clients who they can call upon to help the business grow. They have a stable financial background and have at least some knowledge of business management. With those elements in place, if a person has the will, they are likely to be able to launch and run a successful company, but there are still plenty to think about, and that is where a mentor is invaluable. 2.0 Different types of organizational structure. In setting up a new business, one of the most fundamental decisions is what kind of business it will be. There are a number of different options available, ranging from sole proprietorship, through a partnership, and onto a small corporation or even a limited company (Gov. UK, 2015).2.1 Sole Trader.This is the easiest type of company to set up and run, and allows easy accounting and tax interpretation, but can be seen as less professional than some other business types.The sole trader business gives the owner full control over business decisions and are easy to set up and run. They also give the owner full control of the profits but they are not a separate business entity, divided from the owner, and the owner is liable for any debts or liability actions mounted against the company.2.2 Partnership.A partnership is also a popular business structure among smaller companies and form when two or more individuals decide to share a business and become co-owners. A partnership is owned i n the same way as a sole trader company, but the liability is spread over the two or more people who form the partnership.2.3 Limited Company.This form of business greatly increases a company’s credibility and makes it the kind of professional entity that other business’s look to work with. The main issue with a limited company is the very formal procedures that are used to form and control them, and the need for a professional accountant to help keep on top of what can be complex spend and investment. Because a limited company is detached from those who own and run it, there is only a limited liability should it go wrong.2.4 Recommendation for a Project Management Company.Because of its professional connotations and ability to attract investment, it is suggested that the new project management company starts as a limited company, with Charles as the sole shareholder. 3.0 Management Overview.3.1 Definition of modern management.Management is fundamentally a people-orientated venture that is used to organise a team, and accomplish aims for that team and a wider company in general (Robbins and Judge 2014). However, over recent years, there has been focus on what Deming (1993) identified as the seven deadly diseases. These are: Lack of constancy of purpose Emphasis on short-term profits Evaluation by performance, merit rating, or annual review of performance Mobility of management Running a company on visible figures alone Neglecting long-range planning Relying on quality inspection rather than improving product quality Deming countered all of these by identifying a system that countered all of these failures by devising what has become known as Total Quality Management, with the intention of helping the management of better products or services, creating product uniformity, improving product testing and, ultimately, greater sales (Stoner et al, 2003). Following the reimaging of management in light of Deming’s intervention, focus has shifted from the simple organisation of people to a process of producing and maintaining an environment that allows the efficient accomplishment of predetermined and selected aims. These are achieved by managers using what have been identified as the four functions of management: Planning: Identifying the steps needed to achieve a predetermined goal. Organising: Bringing together all the resources needed to achieve the planned goals. Leading: Motivating those on the team to achieve the set goals. Controlling: Ensuring that team members stay on track through open and honest reporting from and to the team. Achieving these goals means that managers must be adept at organisation skills and have the trust of both their own team and senior management. The goal of all managers is to deliver their assigned tasks on time and to an agreed budget, while ensuring that their team members are fulfilled and with due consideration to quality of product or service. Furthermore, a good manager will enact their assigned tasks using the minimum of resources, thereby maximising profitability for the company while satisfying the customer.3.2 Leadership Styles.The effectiveness of a manager depends greatly on their style and how they interact with their team (Adeniyi, 2007). The three fundamental leadership styles are identified as: Autocratic leader. This manager type tends to instruct the team on what needs to be achieved without consultation, and expects the team to deliver as required. Democratic Leader. This manager seeks the input of the team, and discusses the way forward with them, making joint decisions as they arise. Laissez-faire Leader. The opposite of the autocratic leader, the Laissez-faire manager supplies resources but otherwise allows the team to function almost autonomously. Due to the flexible yet well-defined nature of project management, it is suggested that Charles adopt a democratic leadership style with his sub-managers, since they will have customer-set goals and only really require resources and to feedback. 4.0 Organisational Culture. Organisational culture has been likened to the personality of the business, and the overriding feature that defines how a company works and its interactions with suppliers, employees, and customers (Alversson, 2013). There are several types of organisational culture (Drafke & Murtaugh, 2009), of which the main ones are: Clan culture. These are family like and tend to focus on mentoring, nurturing, and creating a workforce that feels comfortable and works well together. Power Culture. Key to this is firm control by a few high ranking members, and tends to be found in either smaller companies or discrete sections of larger companies, since it would be difficult to run a large company with such a culture. Key elements mean that decisions can be made quickly making the culture highly reactive. Adhocracy culture. Sometimes referred to as forward looking cultures, these tend to be entrepreneurial and dynamic, and promote an air of risk taking and innovation. Companies with this culture tend to pride themselves on being market leaders and attempt to do something new ahead of possible competitors and the market in general. Role Culture. This type focusses on assigning individuals specific roles with a certain job description and does not allow much scope to step out of that role. They tend to be rigid and are renowned for being very task-focused. Cultures such as this are found in companies that specialise in high technology or businesses where roles are determined by knowledge, making it difficult or someone without specific skills to be able to step into certain roles. Market culture. The market culture companies are highly results-driven organisations that concentrate on achievement and completing the task in hand. Hierarchical Culture. These are high structured and controlled businesses that concentrate on creating an efficient company that does the right thing. They tend to be run with a well-defined management structure which feeds information down through it and accepts reporting back through the same lines. The project management company planned by Charles will start with a smaller number of employees but they will have highly specialised tasks to carry out – such as detailed project management – therefore the Role culture is likely to be the best fit for his business.Since there is only a few employees to start with, the feeding out of information can be handled via team meetings, making communications easy and fluid. Business perception relates to the way in which people – either employees, competitors, or customers – relate to a company, which can affect how they interact with that company (Schnaky, 2008). How a company is perceived may impact on how others work with the company which in turn can affect their long-term profitability and their ability to operate in the market. 5.0 Organisational Strategic Objectives. This report has outlined some of the areas that Charles, the business owner, should examine in order to establish a successful company and gives indication of the type of culture he should aim for. However, rather than simply indication certain aspects of the business, it becomes important to define particular strategic objectives for Charles to establish. It has been suggested in section 2.4 that Charles strongly consider establishing his business as a limited company, as that will give him extra credibility in the business world, and he is likely to be able to attract the right calibre of technical staff to5.1 Strategy Roadmap.Charles’ company is expected to follow a specific pathway to success, built on his company’s specialist knowledge of project management and innovative work systems. This means that the corporate strategy needs to be based on a culture of innovation and the highly-desirable skillset that his employees have. The structure of a corporate strategy built on innovation is shown in figure 1, below. Figure 1: Charles’ Corporate Strategy. With the company firmly seated in the high-skills, technology, and innovative work streams, Charles can build up a suitable processes that reflect the kind of business that thrives in highly specialist markets such as detailed project management. The second layer of the strategy is based on the fundamental processes that the company will employ every day to deliver customer excellence. These processes will encompass innovation in deliverables in which the project management element will keep abreast with the current practices in the field, and project management practitioners kept fully trained as appropriate. Operations process will dictate how the technical staff will interact with customers, while business growth will be the focus of sales and marketing processes. The goal of the sales and market department will be to grow the visibility of the company and create a customer experience that entices return custom through a positive experience in all dealings with the company. Customer feedback will further allow the company to innovate and to modify their services based on what customers actually want rather than their own perception of what customers need. By delivering the correct product and service, Charles’ company can experience substantial growth through returning customers as well as picking up new business through the correct marketing strategy and customer recommendations.5.2 Managing the Strategy.With the correct strategy in place, the management becomes easy since all members of the company understand what is required of them and departments that they deal with to streamline all operations. As already stated, it is suggested that Charles adopt a Role culture into the company so that people are aware of what they need to ach ieve within their work sphere, but are able to take direction on other tasks as necessary. This means that self-management is carried out to the greater extent, with Charles and his senior management team – which is expected to comprise himself as chairman, a Finance Director, and a Sales//Operations Director – offering overall direction for the company, leaving day to day management to area managers and individuals, empowering them to stretch goals (Vandeveer and Menefee, 2010). This will add a flexibility to the company that is attractive to potential customers, which, together with the obvious innovative ethos of the company, will help boost sales enquiries. The management system and strategy set out for this company does not have to be binding, and with future growth, it may be necessary to consider different strategies and management styles that will be more befitting the organisation as it grows. This means that Charles will need to assess the company on a regular basis to assess whether a new direction in strategy and style may be of greater benefit. 6.0 References Adeniyi, M. (2007) Effective Leadership Management. Authorhouse, Bloomington, Indiana. Alversson, M. (2013) Understanding Organizational Culture. Sage Publications, London. Deming, W. (1993) The New Economics for Industry Government, and Education. MIT Press, Boston, Massachusetts. Drafke, M. and Murtaugh, J. (2009) The Human Side of Organizations. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Gov. UK (2015) Choose a legal structure for your business. [Online] Available from https://www.gov.uk/business-legal-structures/overview. [Accessed 11th December 2016]. Robbins, S. & Judge, T. (2014) Essentials of Organizational Behaviour. [Online] Available from http://bba12.weebly.com/uploads/9/4/2/8/9428277/organizational_behavior_15e_-_stephen_p_ robbins__timothy_a_judge_pdf_qwerty.pdf. [Accessed 11th December 2016]. Schnaky, K. (2008) Perceptions of Organizational Culture by Employee Level: A Case Study. [Online] Available from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.591.2797 &rep=rep1&type=pdf. [Accessed 11th December 2016]. Stoner J., Freeman R., and Gilbert, Jr. D. (2003) Management. Prentice-Hall of India, New Dheli. Vandeveer, R. & Menefee, M. (2010) Human Behavior in Organizations. Prentice Hall, New Jersey